Android 单元测试笔记

Getting Started With Testing

两种类型的单元测试

1. Local unit tests
2. Instrumented tests

Local Unit Tests

1. 代码放在src/test/java中
2. 使用Junit 4 和Mockito添加依赖

dependencies {
    // Required -- JUnit 4 framework
    testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
    // Optional -- Mockito framework
    testCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.10.19'
}

3. 编写测试代码

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class UnitTestSample {

    private static final String FAKE_STRING = "HELLO WORLD";

    @Mock
    Context mMockContext;

    @Test
    public void readStringFromContext_LocalizedString() {
        // Given a mocked Context injected into the object under test...
        when(mMockContext.getString(R.string.hello_word))
                .thenReturn(FAKE_STRING);
        ClassUnderTest myObjectUnderTest = new ClassUnderTest(mMockContext);

        // ...when the string is returned from the object under test...
        String result = myObjectUnderTest.getHelloWorldString();

        // ...then the result should be the expected one.
        assertThat(result, is(FAKE_STRING));
    }
}

Instrumented Tests

有三种类型

1. Building Instrumented Unit Tests
2. Automating User Interface Tests
3. Testing App Component Integrations

Building Instrumented Unit Tests

1. 代码放在src/androidTest/java
2. 添加依赖

dependencies {
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.0.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4.1'
    // Optional -- Hamcrest library
    androidTestCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3'
    // Optional -- UI testing with Espresso
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.1'
    // Optional -- UI testing with UI Automator
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.1'
}

3. Specify AndroidJunitRunner as the default test instrumentation runner. The Testing Support Library includes a JUnit 4 test runner

android {
    defaultConfig {
        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
}

4. 编写测试代码

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@SmallTest
public class LogHistoryAndroidUnitTest {

    public static final String TEST_STRING = "This is a string";
    public static final long TEST_LONG = 12345678L;
    private LogHistory mLogHistory;

    @Before
    public void createLogHistory() {
        mLogHistory = new LogHistory();
    }

    @Test
    public void logHistory_ParcelableWriteRead() {
        // Set up the Parcelable object to send and receive.
        mLogHistory.addEntry(TEST_STRING, TEST_LONG);

        // Write the data.
        Parcel parcel = Parcel.obtain();
        mLogHistory.writeToParcel(parcel, mLogHistory.describeContents());

        // After you're done with writing, you need to reset the parcel for reading.
        parcel.setDataPosition(0);

        // Read the data.
        LogHistory createdFromParcel = LogHistory.CREATOR.createFromParcel(parcel);
        List<Pair<String, Long>> createdFromParcelData = createdFromParcel.getData();

        // Verify that the received data is correct.
        assertThat(createdFromParcelData.size(), is(1));
        assertThat(createdFromParcelData.get(0).first, is(TEST_STRING));
        assertThat(createdFromParcelData.get(0).second, is(TEST_LONG));
    }
}